Stroke

Conditions

How it’s caused

Strokes occur either as a result of a blockage (ischaemia) to the blood vessels supplying the brain, or as a result of a bleed (haemorrhage). The resulting loss of blood supply to certain areas of the brain causes a lack of oxygen to the brain tissue, which then becomes damaged. Depending on where the damage occurs, a number of symptoms can occur including:

• Muscle weakness
• Muscle spasm (spasticity)
• Decreased sensation
• Neglect of one side of the body
• Difficulties with mobility & other activities
• Difficulties with balance
• Problems with speech, swallowing & concentration
• Pain
• Fatigue
• Loss of independence

How it’s treated

Damage to the brain cells following stroke is irreparable; however, the brain is adaptable and other areas can be trained to take over some of the lost function. The brain is also able to learn and adapt. We can help to optimise this adaptation recovery and minimise secondary complications. This includes specific physiotherapy interventions to:

• Help improve muscle power
• Increase and maintain range of movement
• Maximise functional potential
• Manage spasms and spasticity
• Access appropriate equipment, including FES
• Provide advice and coping strategies for fatigue management
• Teach relatives and carers stretches, positioning and correct handling techniques
• Support people to access local leisure facilities
• Address specific access to work issues if appropriate